ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a major health problem of today's world and its prevalence is riding day by day. Urinary tract infection is its common complication. Antibiotic resistance against various uropathogens is also increasing day by day. Therefore, this prospective was carried out to know the prevalence of culture positive Urinary Tract Infection in diabetic patients and to find out the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity. Methods: Around 430 diabetic patients with urinary tract infections confirmed from Microbiology department from Oct, 2012 to February, 2014 were enrolled. Results: Out of 430 patients, 302 urine specimens (Male n=140, 46.4%) and (Females n=162, 53.5%) were found to be culture positive. The overall prevalence of urinary tract infection was 70.2% higher in females (53.5%) than males (46.4%). Among the 302 isolates, 256 belongs to gram negative bacilli, 46 were gram positive cocci. In gram negative bacilli, most of the isolates160 (62.3%) were E.coli, and in gram positive cocci, Enterococci (55%) were predominately found. Imipenem was found sensitive for both Gram negative bacilli as well as Gram positive cocci. Conclusion: Diabetics with UTI found with high female/male ratio. Escherichia-coli was most common organism followed by klebsiella, and pseudomonas. Most of the urinary isolates were sensitive to Imipenem, Meropenem, ceftriaxone, whereas resistance was high for Amikacin.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with thyroid abnormalities. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the association of thyroid disorders with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in patients who are not getting any antiviral treatment. Methods: Sixty-five patients without pre-existing thyroid abnormality having positive Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection (confirmed on PCR) and not willing for getting anti-viral treatment (interferon) were included in our study. Blood samples from 65 patients were collected at base line, 04 months, 08 months and at 12 months. The level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid antibodies was measured in these samples. Results: Nine patients (13.84%) developed thyroid disorder during the study period. Female patients (66.66%) mostly affected than males (33.33%). Among n=9 affected cases, 66.66% developed hyperthyroidism, 22.22% developed hypothyroidism and 11.11% developed positive thyroid antibody. Conclusion: A close association of thyroid disorder and chronic HCV infection is noted in the study population.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Among the endocrine disorders, Hypothyroidism is now believed to be the worldwide problem next to Diabetes. Aims: This study was carried out to ascertain the prevalence and pattern of Hypothyroidism. Methods: This prospective, epidemiological study was conducted in patients aged ≥20 years suspicion of thyroid disorders at a tertiary care teaching hospital from Jan 2012 to Dec 2013 in Bhuj, Gujrat. Thyroid abnormalities were diagnosed on the basis of laboratory results (serum FT3, FT4 and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone [TSH]). Results: Out of 425 patients enrolled in our study, only 345 patients completed left. Out of the 345 analysable subjects, Female [n=217 (62.89%)] predominance is seen. Around n=72 cases were confirmed having thyroid abnormalities, Out of n=72 cases, only n=32 (9.27%) participants were found to have Hypothyroidism, Subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in n=28(8.11%) cases. Only n=12 (3.47%) cases had signs and symptoms of Clinical hyperthyroidism. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypothyroidism was high, affecting approximately 9.27% study population. Hypothyroidism is found to have close association with Female gender and older age. Iodine intake ceases to be the sole etiological contender for thyroid disorders in urban areas.